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Published 11:08 6 May 2022 BST

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They had hoped to explore the connection between diet and health conditions like skin, orthopaedic, kidney, urinary, liver, cardiac, and neurological disorders - and their findings took them off guard.
As it turns out, dogs that were fed just once a day demonstrated fewer physical conditions and improved cognitive function than those that ate more often.
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As the researchers explained in their report: “Controlling for sex, age, breed, and other potential confounders, we found that dogs fed once daily rather than more frequently had lower mean scores on a cognitive dysfunction scale, and lower odds of having gastrointestinal, dental, orthopedic, kidney/urinary, and liver/pancreas disorders."
Future research including "longitudinal data", which is described as repeated observations of the same things at different points in time, could provide "stronger evidence for a possible causal effect of feeding frequency on health in companion dogs."
“We weren’t confident at all that we would see any differences in dogs’ health or cognition based on feeding frequency," said lead author Kathleen Kerr, a professor of biostatistics at the University of Washington School of Public Health. “I think we would have been excited to see an association between feeding frequency and health in just one domain. I was surprised to see associations in so many domains.”
However, before you empty your pooch's bowl, Kerr warned that the study should not change your dog's feeding habits.
“The study is a small step toward understanding whether effects seen in laboratory animals generalize to dogs who live in highly varied, non-controlled environments," she explained. “An important next step for the Dog Aging Project will be to re-visit our study questions in the future after the study has followed dogs over time.”